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AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 275,339. Patented Apr. 3, 18.

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Patented Apr. 3, 1883.

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Patented Apr. 3, 1888.

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No. 275,339. Patented Apr. 3, 1883.

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AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 275,339. Patented Apr.3, 1883.

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NO. 275,339. Patented Apr. 3 1883.

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NITED STATES PATENT Fries.

ALBERT F. JOHNSON AND FRANK B. JOHNSON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO THE JOHNSON MANUFACTURING OOMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 275,339, dated April 3, 1888.

Application filed February .23, 1882. (No model.) Patented in England March 29, 1882; in Austria April 7, 1882; in France April 15, 1882 in Belgium, April 17, 1882, and in Germany April 18. 18852.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, ALBERT F. JOHNSON and FRANK B. JOHNSON, citizens of the United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Printing-Telegraphs; and we hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, (on eight sheets,) which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in automatic printing-telegraphs by means of which said improvements messages can be transmitted very rapidly and with great economy in the item of salaries, as no skilled operators and but few employs are needed under our improved system. By this method a person can either prepare his message in his own office or home and send it by messenger to the nearest transmitting-station for transmission in an unintelligible form or he can, if his office is in communication by line-wires with the transmitting-station, operate from his own office an electric preparing-instrument, located at the transmitting-station, which is adapted to put his message into an unintelligible form for transmission, and in either case the message is printed under cover in typographical characters, and sealed up and addressed by the instrument at the receivingstation, ready for delivery to the person for whom it is intended. A person having frequent occasion for sending telegrams can therefore have his office connected by line-wires with a transmitting office or station, and by operatin g an instrument in his own office can prepare his message in the transmitting-office by means of electric impulses, thereby putting it into an unintelligible form for transmission, and thus save the time that would be consumed in sending it to the transmitting-ofiice by messenger. In this system each letter and character has its corresponding magnet on the receiving-instrument, which is brought into circuit by the passage through the transmittin g-instrnment, of the perforation on the prepared message which represents said letter,

and said magnet has connected with its armature a lever carrying a type of said letter, perated by each pulsation of the magnet to print said letter on a message-strip which is passed through said receiving instrument. There is therefore a separate line-wire ext-ending from the sending-station to the receivingstation for each letter or character used in sending messages, which said line-wires are insulated and are either carried through a tube extending from the sending-station to the receiving-station or twisted together to form a cable, and in either case are distributed at the receiving-station and each connected with its respective magnet .on the receiving-instrument.

The invention consists in the improved constructions and combinations of mechanism and devices for automatically transmitting and printing telegraphic dispatches, as hereinafter described and specifically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings on eight sheets, Figure 1 represents a plan view of the message-preparing instrument; Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 a partial end view, ofthe same. Fig.4 is a detail, hereinafter explained. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the transmitting-instrument, and Fig. 6 a side elevation of the same. Fig.7 is a detail, hereinafter explained. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the receiving-instrument; Fig. 9, a transverse section of the same on the line as w, and Figs. 10 and 11 are details, hereinafter explained. Fig. 12, Sheet No. 3, represents the perforated message. Fig. 13 is a plan view of the electric preparinginstru. ment, by means of which a message can be prepared at a distance; Fig. 14., a transverse section of the same on the line y y, and Fig. 15 a plan of the under side of the same, and Fig. 16, a detail hereinafter explained. Fig. 17 is a plan view, and Fig. 18 a side elevation, of the mechanism for operating said electric preparing-machine. portion of a message-strip, and Fig. 20 a diagram showing the electric circuits formed in the practice of our system. 7

Similar letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the several figures.

. The message is printed on the message-strip Fig. 19 represents a' in the receiver in one continuous line, with proper intervals between letters and words.

We shall first describe the method or process of preparing a message by hand to be transmitted, and the mechanism by which this is accomplished. In this case the author of the message prepares his message in his own office or elsewhere, and then sends it to the nearest transmitting-station for transmission, and for this purpose the instrument shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and4 is used. We do not, however, in this application claim the construction of this perforator, as the same has been described and claimed by us in a separate application, and we here describe the same merely for the purpose of showing more clearly the mode of preparing the message for transmission in an unintelligible form.

(1, represents a series of lovers arranged side by side and fulcrumed on a transverse bar, 12, secured at each end to the sides of an upright frame secured to the base P. a is a lever, similarly fulcrumed. At the outer end ofeach of said levers aisa press button or knob,f, each marked with one of the letters of the alphabet or such other characters as are employed in transmitting the messages. The lever a also has a similar knob,f, but without any letter or character marked on it. The drawings show thirty-one of these levers; but the number may be increased if it is desired to employ additional oharactersas, for instance, numerals.

h h represent a series of punchingrodscorresponding in number with the said levers, and each operated by one of said levers, the rod it being operated by the lever a. These rods are fitted between transverse horizontal plates t 1;, having perforations to receive them,

and each'of them is pivoted to one of said l tevers, or else arranged so that its lower end rests upon its respective lever when in its normal position, and is raised to perforate the paper whenever the knobfof such lever is depressed. Retracting-spriugs m are fitted on said rods between the plates 13 t" for the purpose of bringing the levers into their normal position when the pressure on the knob is re moved. Above the plate z' and parallel therewith is another plate, 12, having a series of perforations each directly over the upper end of one of said rods, and between these plates t and n the paper 1) to be perforated is passed from a reel, 19, located in any suitable position, so that when one of the knobs f is depressed the rod operated by such knob makes aperforation in the paper.

q is a thin perforated plate, running parallel with and between the plates t and n for the purpose of stripping the paper from the rods when a perforation has been made.

1" is a feed-roller having a roughened or friction surface, which presses against the under surface of the plate n, (the paper 11' passing between them,) and which is fixed upon a shaft,

r, having bearings in the sides cot the frame.

This roller r is driven by means of ratchetwheels 8, fixed upon the ends of said shaft r, which are operated by pawls s, pivoted to the upper ends of bent levers 8 that are fulcrumed on a transverse bar, 8

To the lower ends of the bent levers s are secured two parallel transverse bars, t t, between which the ends of the levers a a extend, sothat whenever one of the knobs for f is struck the pawls s are thrown forward to make a stroke,'and the stroke is made by the return of the levers a or a to their normal position by the action of the springs m. These pawls are arranged to make a longer stroke than is necessary merely to en gage with each tooth of the ratchets s, so that the rods h h will have descended a sufficient distance.

to clear themselves from the paper before the latter is moved forward by the pawl engaging with the ratchet-tooth. vVhenever one of the rods his raised by pressing the knob by which it is operated the rod his also raised, and each rod makes a perforation in the paper, the former for printing the letter on the message-strip in the receiver, and the latter for moving said message-strip forward to receive the next letter printed.

The device employed for causing the rod h to make a perforation simultaneously with each of the rods his shown in Fig. 4, and is as follows: Each of the levers a rests, when in its normal position, with the upper surface of its end in contact with the under surface of the bar it, and the lever a similarly rests with its lower surface in contact with the upper surface of the bar it, so that whenever one of the levers a is struck it raises said bars t and t, and thereby also raises the rear end of a, and the rod h is thereby raised to make a perforation. It will be understood that the rod h can be operated independently of the rods h, and is raised by depressingf once between each word, and a number of times between the subject-matter of the message and the address, so as to leave a suitable space between the two in the message-strip G.

' The operation-.in preparing a message is as follows, viz: The end of the paper 1) having been passed between the plates q and a and between the latter and the feed-roller r, the knobf, which has upon it the first letterin the message to be sent, is depressed. A perforation representing that letter is thereby made, together with another perforation made by the rod h for the purpose of moving forward the message strip, as above mentioned. Each stroke of any of the levers a a operates the feed-roller r and moves forward the paper 19 to receive the next perforation. This being done, the knob bearing the next letter in the message is struck, and so on until the end of the word is reached, and then the knob f is depressed once for the purpose above mentioned. At the end of the message the knobf is depressed a sufficient number of times to leave a suitable space on the message-strip Gr between ICC] IIO

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e a-3,329 a the message and the address, and then the knobs are pressed, as before, to make perforations representing the several letters in the address. A portion of a perforated message is shown in Fig. 12, Sheet 3, having perforations g, which cause the receiver to print the word Brooklyn and a central line of perforations made by the rod h to move forward the message-stri p G while the several letters of said word are being printed. The message thus prepared, by putting it into a form which is unintelligible on inspection, may be sent to the nearest station having one of our improved transmitters in circuit with the receiving-instrument at the station where the message is to be printed for delivery, and from thence sent to its destination.

The transmitting-instrument is shown on Sheet No. 2 by Figs. 5 and 6. In said figures, (t represents a series of metallic wire rods, connected at one end by means of a series ofbinding-posts,f with line-wiresf, which extend from the sending-station to the receiving-station, each connecting with a separate magnet on the receiver. a? is a similar wire rod, connected by the binding-postf with a line-wire, f which runs to the magnet on the receiver that operates the mechanism for feeding forward the message-strip G. The opposite ends of these rods a? a rest upon an insulated metallic roller, 9 at a distance apart, as nearly as possible, equal to the distance between the punching rods of the preparinginstrument above described. When the message is to be transmitted the perforated paper 12 is secured to and wound upon a roller, a, under the ends of the wire rods a a and its end passed over the roller 9 and thence to a roller, a, to which it is secured, and which is turned by a crank, a". The several lines of perforations g, each line representing a particular letter or character, pass under the ends of the wires a? a as the paper ispassed over the roller 9 by Winding it from the roller u to a, and whenever one of the perforations comes under its corresponding wire metallic contact is made between said wire and the roller 9 The central wire, to, coincides with the perforations g made by the rod h, and is connected by itsline-wire f with the magnet on the receiver that operates the feed mechanism in the latter. This wire a is slightly longer than the others, so that the perforation which closes the circuit to print the letter takes effect first, after which the central perforation, g, closes its circuit to move forward the message-strip. A bindingscrew, m, carries a wire, m which connects the metal roller 9 with the battery at the sending-station, said battery having a ground-wire from its opposite pole. Each magnet in the receiver is connected with the battery at the receiving'station and thence with the ground, so that whenever one ofthe perforations on the paper 10 passes under one of the rods c a it makes contact with the roller 9 and an electric impulse is transmitted along its line-wire to the magnet 011 the receiver that prints the particular letter represented by such perforation.

The rollers a and u may be of suitable di-' ameter, so that the paper shall be evenly wound from one to the other, and they have bearin gs in the frame T, being let into slots d cl in the latterand held by springs 01 and (1 or secured therein by other suitable means. The roller 9 also has hearings in the frame T, and, when in position for work,it bears on two eccentrics, e e, which are lifted by a crank or lever, e, thereby stretching the paper over the roller 9 and bringing thelinewires into connection with the battery-wire, and are lowered when the paper is beingput in. These eccentrics are shown in Fig. 7.

e is a guide-bar, through which the wires a? c are passed to hold them in proper position. The said wires are made from spring-wire to insure their resting firmly on the paper while the body of the same is passing under them, and on the roller when a perforation passes under them. As before stated, the line-wires f f are either twisted into a cable or are carried through a tube, and thus extend from the sending-station to the receiving-station and there distributed and each connected with its corresponding magnet.

The receiving-instrument is shown in Figs. 8, 9, l0, and ll. In said figures F F represent a series of magnets, one coil of each of which is connected with the transmitting-instrument by one of the line-wires f previously mentioned, by means of the bindingposts H; and its other coil is connected with the battery at the receiving-station and thence with the earth, through the medium of binding-screws l,fitted upon a copper ring, J. The armatures of these magnets are hinged, as shown at Ir, and their inner ends are prolonged and rest upon the upper ends of pivoted bent levers L, the lower end of each of which carries a printing-type of the particular letter or character represented by the perforation 9, that transmits the electric impulse over the linewire ofsuch magnet. These levers L are pivoted to uprights M and radially arranged, so that the types on their lower ends shall strike on one point whenever their upper ends are depressed by the attraction ofthe armatures of the respective magnets which operate them, that point being theunder side of the messagestrip G as it passes over the under surface of the feed-roller N, and they are retracted by suitable springs, O, and thus broughtinto their normal position when the attraction ceases. The feed roller N is fixed upon a shaft, N, having bearings in uprights secured to the base lt, and the message-strip G passes over its under surface from a reel, Q,supported in any suitable position, and is carried from thence between said feed-roller N and a friction-roller, N and thence through a tube or other suit.- able conductor, N, to any convenient point.v F is a magnet, one coil of which is connected with the line-wiref by means of the binding-v tween the letters and words on the message,

"tween the message and the address.

and at the end of the subject of the message to leave the space previously mentioned be- An inking-ribbon, S, in the form of an endless band,

7 is interposed between the message-strip G and the types on the levers L, said ribbon being stretched over rollers S S and S S S represents an inking-roller for applying the ink. A pulley, (see Fig. 10,) is provided on the end of one of the rollers S, which is driven by a belt from a similar pulley on the feedroller N, for the purpose of giving motion to said inking-ribbon. The ring J is divided at any convenient point, and the ends of the same connected with the sections of a switch, R, and from thence with the battery and the earth for the purpose of throwing the receiver into or out of circuit with the sending station, so that when a message is to be received and printed, the plug R is inserted to bring said receiver into circuit with the transmitter at the sending-station, and when said plug is removed the currents pass on to the next station having its receiver in circuit with the sendingstation.

In order to keep the message secret, a second strip, G is sealed over the message-strip by means of the following-described devices. Said second strip G passes from a reel, Q, and thence between the friction-roller N and the message-strip G as the latter passes over the feed-roller N. A cup, N containing a moistened sponge arranged to dampen the under side of the edges of the strip Gr before the latter passes between said rollers, is suspended from a lever, N pivoted to any suitable support, to the other end of which said lever the plug R is pivoted in such manner that whenever said plug is inserted in the switch It said sponge will be in contact with the edges of the strip G as shown, and the edges of the message-strip G having been previously gummed, the two strips are sealed together as they pass between the rollers N and N with the printing between them. By these means whenever the circuits are closed by the insertion of the plug R to receive a message 'the cup N will be in position to seal the strips together.

We may state that all the magnets and binding-posts and other parts through which the currents pass are insulated from the base R and from the other parts of the instrument.

. As the address is printed in the same manner as the subject-matter of the message it is evident that it will be concealed by the second strip G ,'a-nd consequently it is necessary that provision be made for ascertaining the address without the subject of the message being revealed to the person in charge of the receiver. This may be accomplished as follows:.For said strip G we use a very thin dark-colored paper, such color admitting of the use of a thin paper without the printing being visible through it. The portion of the strip G that covers the address is removed after the message is taken from the receiver without disturbing thatportion of the same which covers the message proper; and the means employed forindicating which particularpart of the strip G2 shall be removed without uncovering the message proper is as follows: A number of arrows or similar marks are printed on the strip G previous to its being placed in the instrument, for the purpose of indicating in which direction the message is printed, so that the person in charge of the instrument mayknow from which end to remove said second strip, G to ascertain the address, and he removes the'saine as far as the blank space between the message and the address, to uncover the latter. The'strip G? may be perforated at its edges, if desired, for the purpose of facilitating its removal.

A plan view of a portion of a printed message-strip is shown in Fig. 19, Sheet No. 7. Whenever amessage is to be sent to a station not in circuit with the sending-station, our electric preparing-instrument is employed for reproducing the prepared message at some station which is in circuit with the sendingstation and the receiving-station; or, if there is no station in circuit with both, then the message is successively reproduced until it reaches a station which is in circuit with that at which the message is to be received and delivered. This instrument is shown in Figs. l3,14,and 15. It is provided with a set of punching-rods, 7L and h corresponding with those in the preparing-instrument previously ICC described, which are placed in the same relative position-that is to say, each of them makes a. perforation to represent the same letter or character as its corresponding perforation in the original perforated strip representsso that when the message prepared by this instrument is passed through one of the transmittersit will close the same circuits and in the same order that the original would have closed if it had been passed through the same transmitter. These. rods h h are pivoted at the ends of levers 1, which form the armatures of the magnets F and F and whenever one of said armatures is attracted by its magnet, the rod pivoted to its end is raised and makes a perforation on the paper 192. Said armatnres thence passed between the perforated plates at and t which said plates correspond with the plates at and i, before described. One coil of each of said magnets is connected by means of the hinding-postsf andf with a line-wire extending to the sending-station, and its other coil is connected with a local battery through the medium of a copper ring, J and bindingscrews 1. The levers are retracted by springs 2, and their throw adjusted by means of setscrews 9". The central lever is prolonged, and at its end is pivoted a pawl, 3, which rotates a ratchet-wheel, 4, fixed upon the same shaft as is a feed-roller, 5, for feeding the paper along to receive the perforations. The rod 7L3, operated by this central lever through the medium of the magnet F answers to the rod it, hereinbefore described, and makes perforations g, which operate the feed mechanism of the receiving-instrument, as well as to feed forward the paper 12 as just described. P is a switch connected with the local battery and the earth. The ring J is divided and its ends connected respectively with the two sections of the switch P, so that the instrument can be thrown into or out of circuit at pleasure. The parts above described are all insulated from the base P and also properly insulated from each other.

We may here state that we do not deem it necessary to particularly indicate the points where the parts are insulated eitherin this instrument or the other instruments herein described, as the necessity for such insulation will be readily apparent to any one skilled in the art.

This electric preparing-instrument, in addition to its employment for reproducing a prepared message, may, as hereinbefore mentioned, be used for preparing a message at a distanceas, for instance, a person may perforate or prepare his message in the telegraphoffice while in his own office or home. 'The mechanism for effecting this is shown in Figs. 17 and 18, and consists of a key-board or set of press-buttons, v 02, similar to those on the preparingmachine first described, and each button or knob 22 '0, when depressed, operates to make a perforation (at the distant point) which is the exact counterpartin position and purpose with the perforation made by pressing the corresponding knob in the said preparing-machine. The knobs c o are fixed upon the ends of spring-bars a v which are connected with line-wires extending to the station where the electric prepareris located, and connected respectively with the several magnets F and F on the latter through the medium of said spring-bars and the binding-posts 1 1 and whenever anyone of said knobs is depressed it makes metallic contact with a metal plate, M

one end of which terminates in a switch, N

and is connected with a local battery. The knob o is connected with the line-wire, which is connected to the magnet F, that operates to make the perforations for feeding the message-strip forward in the receiver, and it is arranged to make contact with the plate M whenever any one of the knobs o is depressed. This may be accomplished by means ofa spring-wire,'v secured in a binding-post, c, which said wire extends under each line of knobs a, but out of contact with them until they are depressed, and terminates in a projection, 11 ,011 the under side of the spring-bar that carries the knob c, as shown in Fig. 18, so that when one of the knobs o is depressed it strikes the wire a and thereby causes the knob '22 to make contact with said plate M and thus brings the magnet F into circuit.

From the above description it will be seen that by fingering this key-board a prepared or perforated message is produced that is the exact counterpart of the one that would be produced on the hand preparing-instrument if fingered in the same manner.

We may here state that a person having frequent necessity for sending telegrams may have one of these key-boards in his office connected by line-wires with the nearest station having a transmitter, and thus while in his office be enabled to preparehis messages at such transmitting-station by putting them into unintelligible form for transmission, and it is obvious that by means of our improvements telegraphic communications can be made very rapidly, as well as with secrecy, and that comparatively few employs and no skilled operators are needed.

If desired, the messages may be printed by the receiver on sensitized paper,instead of being printed with ink. For this purpose the modification shown in Fig. 11 may be employed, the inking-ribbon and inking-roller being dispensed with. The feed-roller N and frictionroller N together with the other parts of the receiver, previously described, remain in the same positions and are operated in the same manner as before. The message-strip G is sensitized by any of the well-known processes, and, instead of being directly in contact with the under side of the feed'roller, a thin metallic plate, w, is interposed. This plate is secured to' an insulated binding-post, 20 connected with the battery-wire. The magnets F are arranged as previously described, and hence when one of them is brought into circuit the type on its lever L strikes the message-strip as it is stretched over the plate to and makes the impression, it being understood that the upright to which the lever L is pivoted and the retracting-spring O are both insulated. in this case the feed-roller N is covered with soft rubber, for the double purpose of insulatingit and providing a yielding surface.

We do not confine ourselves to the specific constructions of mechanisms hereinbefore described, as it is obvious that-modifications may be made in such constructions in each of the instruments without departing from the principles of our invention; and we do not in this application claim the construction of the electricallyoperated perforator shown by Figs. 13,

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14, 15, and 16, nor that of the receiver shown by Figs. 8, 9,10, and 11, as these have been described and claimedin separate applications for patents. Neither do we hereby claim the keyboard shown in Figs. 17 and 18, as the construction of the same and its combination with parts of the mechanisms herein described will form the subjects of a separate application, and it is introduced herein only for the purpose of more clearly defining the invention covered hereby.

We are aware that a strip or fillet of paper for automatic telegraphin g has been perforated by means of electric impulses, as shown in the patent to Thomas A. Edison, dated August 12, 1873, and numbered 141,775, and therefore we do not claim that, broadly, and in that case the pertorator was for the purpose merely of making the manipulation easier for the operator, and the mechanism was employed at the place where the perforations were made, whereas our electric perforator is operated at a distance to save time and expense, and also for the purpose of reproducing a prepared message for further transmissiom'and by mechanism which is essentially different from that described in said patent.

On Sheet No. 8, Fig. 20, is shown a diagram of electric circuits formedin the practical working of our system. Said circuits are essentially similar between the transmitter and receiver, thekey-board and the electric perforator, and the key-board and receiver, and therefore for the sake of simplifying the description and avoiding repetition we have shown the keyboard and an outline plan of the receiver for this purpose. As will be seen, each line-wire runs to a separate magnet on the receiver, and said magnet prints the particular letter marked on the knob or press-button which brings it into circuit.

S represents the battery at the sending-station and S the battery at the receiving-station, and as the circuits may be readily traced it is not deemed necessary to further extend- In a system of mechanism for automatically transmitting, receiving, and printing telegraphic dispatches, the combination,as shown and described, of the following parts, viz: a strip of paper or similar material, 19, on which the message to be sent is perforated in several lines or series, 9, of perforations, each series representing one particular letter or character, and on which is perforated a separate series, 9, for operating the feed mechanism of the receiving-instru men t, a transmitting-instrument (shown in Figs. 5and 6) having a separate circuit-closer for each kind of letter or character employed, and another circuit-closer for operating the feed mechanism of the receiving-instrument, said transmitting-instrument being constructed as described, and its circuit-closers adapted to be operated by said perforated strip in the manner specified, a receiving-instrument having a series of separate electromagnets, F,

each of which is connected by a line-wire,f

with said transmitter, and provided with devices, as described, to print one particular letter or character on amessage-strip therein, and having another separate eleetro-magnet, F, connected by line-wire f with said transmitter, and provided with mechanism, as described, to feed forward said message-strip, and battery-wires, substantially as described, formin g properly-arranged electric circuits between said transmitting and receiving instruments, the whole being constructed to operate in the manner described, for the purpose set forth.

ALBERT F. JOHNSON. FRANK B. JOHNSON.

Vitnesses JOHN S. THORNTON, M. H. TOPPINGr. 

